Ten lectures on wavelets
Automatic audio content analysis
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
An overview of audio information retrieval
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on audio and multimedia
Content-Based Classification, Search, and Retrieval of Audio
IEEE MultiMedia
Content-based organization and visualization of music archives
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
A Perceptual Audio Hashing Algorithm: A Tool for Robust Audio Identification and Information Hiding
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
PCM '02 Proceedings of the Third IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Transform--Based Indexing of Audio Data for Multimedia Databases
ICMCS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
Content-based music retrieval on acoustic data
Content-based music retrieval on acoustic data
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 3 (ICME '03) - Volume 03
Hierarchical classification of audio data for archiving and retrieving
ICASSP '99 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1999. on 1999 IEEE International Conference - Volume 06
Very quick audio searching: introducing global pruning to the Time-Series Active Search
ICASSP '01 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2001. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 03
Time-Frequency Decomposition for Analysis and Retrieval of 1-D Signals
ICMCS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems - Volume 02
Modulation-scale analysis for content identification
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
MPEG-7 sound-recognition tools
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Content-based audio classification and retrieval by support vector machines
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Scalable multi-feature index structure for music databases
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Audio Classification and Retrieval Using Wavelets and Gaussian Mixture Models
International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering & Management
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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As the internet search evolves toward multimedia content based search and information retrieval, audio content identification and retrieval will likely become one of the key components of next generation internet search machines. In this paper we consider the specific problem of identifying the classical music composition of an unknown performance of the composition. We develop and evaluate a wavelet based methodology for this problem. Our methodology combines a novel music information (audio content) descriptor, the wavelet dispersion vector, with neural net assessment of the similarity between unknown query vectors and known (example set) vectors. We define the wavelet dispersion vector as the histogram of the rank orders obtained by the wavelet coefficients of a given wavelet scale among all the coefficients (of all scales at a given time instant). We demonstrate that the wavelet dispersion vector precisely characterizes the audio content of a performance of a classical music composition while achieving good generalization across different performances of the composition. We examine the identification performance of a combination of 39 different wavelets and three different types of neural nets. We find that our wavelet dispersion vector calculated with a biorthogonal wavelet in conjunction with a probabilistic radial basis neural net trained by only three independent example performances correctly identifies approximately 78% of the unknown performances.