The elements of graphing data
Cognitive origins of graphic productions
Understanding images
External cognition: how do graphical representations work?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Turning pictures into numbers: extracting and generating information from complex visualizations
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Empirical evaluation of information visualizations
Supporting diagrammatic knowledge acquisition: an ontological analysis of Cartesian graphs
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Toward a Model of Knowledge-Based Graph Comprehension
DIAGRAMS '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
Extracting Explicit and Implict Information from Complex Visualizations
DIAGRAMS '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
A cognitive model for understanding graphical perception
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Understanding dynamic and static displays: using images to reason dynamically
Cognitive Systems Research
Diagrams '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
Students' difficulties in learning from dynamic visualisations and how they may be overcome
Computers in Human Behavior
Relationship of blink, affect, and usability of graph reading tasks
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Interaction Sciences: Information Technology, Culture and Human
Modeling and querying graphical representations of statistical data
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
An examination of Cleveland and McGill's hierarchy of graphical elements
Diagrams'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Diagrammatic representation and inference
The automated understanding of simple bar charts
Artificial Intelligence
A constraint satisfaction framework for executing perceptions and actions in diagrammatic reasoning
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Twelve years of diagrams research
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
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We argue that a comprehensive model of graph comprehension must include spatial cognition. We propose that current models of graph comprehension have not needed to incorporate spatial processes, because most of the task/graph combinations used in the psychology laboratory are very simple and can be addressed using perceptual processes. However, data from our own research in complex domains that use complex graphs shows extensive use of spatial processing. We propose an extension to current models of graph comprehension in which spatial processing occurs a) when information is not explicitly represented in the graph and b) when simple perceptual processes are inadequate to extract that implicit information. We apply this model extension to some previously published research on graph comprehension from different labs, and find that it is able to account for the results.