An object-oriented approach to graphical interfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Constraint-based tools for building user interfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Special issue on user interface software
Exploring Algorithms Using Balsa-II
Computer
UIST '88 Proceedings of the 1st annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User Interface Software
Constraint technology for user-interface construction in ThingLab II
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
A module mechanism for constraints in Smalltalk
OOPSLA '89 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Glyphs: flyweight objects for user interfaces
UIST '90 Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technology
Languages for the construction of multi-user multi-media synchronous (MUMMS) applications
Languages for developing user interfaces
The Rendezvous constraint maintenance system
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Integrating pointer variables into one-way constraint models
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Making Structured Graphics and Constraints Practical for Large-Scale Applications
Making Structured Graphics and Constraints Practical for Large-Scale Applications
Thinglab--a constraint-oriented simulation laboratory.
Thinglab--a constraint-oriented simulation laboratory.
Incremental constraint satisfaction and its application to graphical interfaces
Incremental constraint satisfaction and its application to graphical interfaces
Is GUI programming a database research problem?
SIGMOD '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
An empirical study of constraint usage in graphical applications
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Jazz: an extensible zoomable user interface graphics toolkit in Java
UIST '00 Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Using model dataflow graphs to reduce the storage requirements of constraints
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Playing around in the CS curriculum: reversi as a teaching tool
Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges
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Researchers have developed a variety of toolkits that support the development of highly interactive, graphical, direct manipulation applications such as animations, process monitoring tools, drawing packages, visual programming languages, games, and data and program visualization systems. These toolkits contain many useful features such as 1) structured graphics, 2) automatic display management, 3) constraints, and 4) high-level input-handling models. Despite a number of optimizations that have been described in the literature, most toolkit-generated applications run in a predominantly interpreted mode at runtime: they dynamically determine the set of constraints and objects that must be redisplayed, which requires the use of time consuming algorithms and data structures. The optimizations that do exist rely on semantic information that applies globally to all operations in an application. In this paper we identify a number of optimizations that require local, operation-specific semantic information about an application. For each operation, these optimizations pre-compute update plans that minimize the number of objects that are examined for redisplay, and pre-compute constraint plans that minimize the amount of dynamic scheduling and method dispatching that is performed for constraint satisfaction. We present performance measurements that suggest that these optimizations can significantly improve the performance of an application. We also discuss how a compiler might obtain from a programmer the information required to implement these optimizations.