Ontology-Based Photo Annotation
IEEE Intelligent Systems
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OLYBIA: ontology-based automatic image annotation system using semantic inference rules
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DOGI: an annotation system for images of dog breeds
ICIAR'12 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Image Analysis and Recognition - Volume Part I
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We introduce SIA, a framework for annotating images automatically using ontologies. An ontology is constructed holding characteristics from multiple information sources including text descriptions and low-level image features. Image annotation is implemented as a retrieval process by comparing an input (query) image with representative images of all classes. Handling uncertainty in class descriptions is a distinctive feature of SIA. Average Retrieval Rank (AVR) is applied to compute the likelihood of the input image to belong to each one of the ontology classes. Evaluation results of the method are realized using images of 30 dog breeds collected from the Web. The results demonstrated that almost 89% of the test images are correctly annotated (i.e., the method identified their class correctly).