Organic user interfaces: designing computers in any way, shape, or form
Communications of the ACM - Organic user interfaces
Dynamic ferrofluid sculpture: organic shape-changing art forms
Communications of the ACM - Organic user interfaces
Liquid interface: a malleable, transient, direct-touch interface
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
Magnetic field based near surface haptic and pointing interface
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
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Liquid Interface is an organic user interface that utilizes ferrofluid as an output display and input button embodiment. Using a matrix of Hall effect sensors, magnetic fields generated by rare-earth magnets worn on the fingertips are measured and are then converted into signals that provide input capability. This input actuates an array of electromagnets. Both Hall effect sensors and electromagnets are contained beneath the surface of the ferrofluid. By matching like polarities between the electromagnets and the rare-earth magnets, haptic force feedback by means of magnetic field repulsion can be achieved.