Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Dynamics of Facial Expression Extracted Automatically from Video
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 5 - Volume 05
Machine assessment of neonatal facial expressions of acute pain
Decision Support Systems
Machine recognition and representation of neonatal facial displays of acute pain
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Combining different local binary pattern variants to boost performance
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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This paper reports experiments that explore performance differences in two previous studies that investigated SVM classification of neonatal pain expressions using the Infant COPE database. This database contains 204 photographs of 26 neonates (age 18-36 hours) experiencing the pain of heel lancing and three nonpain stressors. In our first study, we reported experiments where representative expressions of all subjects were included in the training and testing sets, an experimental protocol suitable for intensive care situations. A second study used an experimental protocol more suitable for short-term stays: the SVMs were trained on one sample and then evaluated on an unknown sample. Whereas SVM with polynomial kernel of degree 3 obtained the best classification score (88.00%) using the first evaluation protocol, SVM with a linear kernel obtained the best classification score (82.35%) using the second protocol. However, experiments reported here indicate no significant difference in performance between linear and nonlinear kernels.