Tangler: a censorship-resistant publishing system based on document entanglements
CCS '01 Proceedings of the 8th ACM conference on Computer and Communications Security
Infranet: Circumventing Web Censorship and Surveillance
Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium
Two Practical and Provably Secure Block Ciphers: BEARS and LION
Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
All-or-Nothing Encryption and the Package Transform
FSE '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
A web based covert file system
HOTOS'07 Proceedings of the 11th USENIX workshop on Hot topics in operating systems
Anonymity and Censorship Resistance in Unstructured Overlay Networks
OTM '09 Proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences, CoopIS, DOA, IS, and ODBASE 2009 on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: Part I
Symmetric Cryptography in Javascript
ACSAC '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Chipping away at censorship firewalls with user-generated content
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
The dancing bear: a new way of composing ciphers
SP'04 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Security Protocols
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In this paper we propose scrambling as a lightweight method of censorship resistance, in place of the traditional use of encryption. We consider a censor which can only block banned content by scanning it while in transit (for example using deep-packet inspection), instead of attacking the communication endpoints (for example using address filtering or taking servers offline). Our goal is to greatly increase the workload of the censor by scrambling all data during communication, while maintaining reasonable workloads for the endpoints of the communication network. In particular, our goal is to make it impossible for the censor to effectively accelerate the de-scrambling procedure over what may be achieved by commodity PCs or mobile phones at the endpoints, a goal which we term high-inertia scrambling. We also aim to achieve this using the standard JavaScript runtime environment of modern browsers, requiring no distribution or installation of censorship-resistance software.