Tor: the second-generation onion router

  • Authors:
  • Roger Dingledine;Nick Mathewson;Paul Syverson

  • Affiliations:
  • The Free Haven Project;The Free Haven Project;Naval Research Lab

  • Venue:
  • SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
  • Year:
  • 2004

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Abstract

We present Tor, a circuit-based low-latency anonymous communication service. This second-generation Onion Routing system addresses limitations in the original design by adding perfect forward secrecy, congestion control, directory servers, integrity checking, configurable exit policies, and a practical design for location-hidden services via rendezvous points. Tor works on the real-world Internet, requires no special privileges or kernel modifications, requires little synchronization or coordination between nodes, and provides a reasonable tradeoff between anonymity, usability, and efficiency. We briefly describe our experiences with an international network of more than 30 nodes. We close with a list of open problems in anonymous communication.