Crowds: anonymity for Web transactions
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Communications of the ACM
Anonymous Web transactions with Crowds
Communications of the ACM
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
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Freenet: a distributed anonymous information storage and retrieval system
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
The free haven project: distributed anonymous storage service
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
Web MIXes: a system for anonymous and unobservable Internet access
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
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Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
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Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
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ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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Survey on anonymous communications in computer networks
Computer Communications
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EUROCRYPT'95 Proceedings of the 14th annual international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Anonymity and monitoring: how to monitor the infrastructure of an anonymity system
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
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FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial cryptograpy and data security
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NSS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth International Conference on Network and System Security
An analysis of anonymity technology usage
TMA'11 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Traffic monitoring and analysis
Practical traffic analysis: extending and resisting statistical disclosure
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
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CMS'10 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 6/TC 11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
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Anonymity technologies enable Internet users to maintain a level of privacy that prevents the collection of identifying information such as the IP address. Understanding the deployment of anonymity technologies on the Internet is important to analyze the current and future trends. In this paper, we provide a tutorial survey and a measurement study to understand the anonymity technology usage on the Internet from multiple perspectives and platforms. First, we review currently utilized anonymity technologies and assess their usage levels. For this, we cover deployed contemporary anonymity technologies including proxy servers, remailers, JAP, I2P, and Tor with the geo-location of deployed servers. Among these systems, proxy servers, Tor and I2P are actively used, while remailers and JAP have minimal usage. Then, we analyze application-level protocol usage and anonymity technology usage with different applications. For this, we preform a measurement study by collecting data from a Tor exit node, a P2P client, a large campus network, a departmental email server, and publicly available data on spam sources to assess the utilization of anonymizer technologies from various perspectives. Our results confirm previous findings regarding application usage and server geo-location distribution where certain countries utilize anonymity networks significantly more than others. Moreover, our application analysis reveals that Tor and proxy servers are used more than other anonymity techniques.