Web MIXes: a system for anonymous and unobservable Internet access
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
From a Trickle to a Flood: Active Attacks on Several Mix Types
IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Mixminion: Design of a Type III Anonymous Remailer Protocol
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Privacy in electronic commerce and the economics of immediate gratification
EC '04 Proceedings of the 5th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
Heartbeat traffic to counter (n-1) attacks: red-green-black mixes
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Two-sided statistical disclosure attack
PET'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Practical traffic analysis: extending and resisting statistical disclosure
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Message splitting against the partial adversary
PET'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
On anonymity in an electronic society: A survey of anonymous communication systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Privacy-preserving DNS: analysis of broadcast, range queries and mix-based protection methods
ESORICS'11 Proceedings of the 16th European conference on Research in computer security
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
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Currently fielded anonymous communication systems either introduce too much delay and thus have few users and little security, or have many users but too little delay to provide protection against large attackers. By combining the user bases into the same network, and ensuring that all traffic is mixed together, we hope to lower delay and improve anonymity for both sets of users. Alpha-mixing is an approach that can be added to traditional batching strategies to let senders specify for each message whether they prefer security or speed. Here we describe how to add alpha-mixing to various mix designs, and show that mix networks with this feature can provide increased anonymity for all senders in the network. Along the way we encounter subtle issues to do with the attacker's knowledge of the security parameters of the users.