Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Promoting the use of end-to-end congestion control in the Internet
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Web MIXes: a system for anonymous and unobservable Internet access
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
TCP Performance in Flow-Based Mix Networks: Modeling and Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Performance comparison of low-latency anonymisation services from a user perspective
PET'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Improving tor using a TCP-over-DTLS tunnel
SSYM'09 Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium
An improved algorithm for tor circuit scheduling
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
DefenestraTor: throwing out windows in Tor
PETS'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Tor is unfair -- And what to do about it
LCN '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 36th Conference on Local Computer Networks
Virtual private networks: an overview with performance evaluation
IEEE Communications Magazine
LASTor: A Low-Latency AS-Aware Tor Client
SP '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
PCTCP: per-circuit TCP-over-IPsec transport for anonymous communication overlay networks
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
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Internet anonymity systems, like for instance Tor, are in widespread use today. Technically they are realized as overlays, i. e., they add another instance of routing, forwarding, and transport functionality on top of the Internet protocol stack. This has important (and often subtle) implications, as overlay and underlay may interact. Far too often, existing designs neglect this. Consequently, they suffer from performance issues that are hard to track down and fix. The existing body of work in this area often takes a quite narrow view, tweaking the design in order to improve one specific aspect. The behavior of the interacting underlay and overlay transport layers is complex, though, and often causes unexpected-and unexplored-side effects. Therefore, we show that so far considered combinations of overlay and underlay protocols cannot deliver good throughput, latency, and fairness at the same time, and we establish guidelines for a future, better suited transport layer design.