Randomized algorithms
Crowds: anonymity for Web transactions
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Project “anonymity and unobservability in the Internet”
Proceedings of the tenth conference on Computers, freedom and privacy: challenging the assumptions
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
Chord: A scalable peer-to-peer lookup service for internet applications
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Tarzan: a peer-to-peer anonymizing network layer
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
IPTPS '01 Revised Papers from the First International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems
The Eigentrust algorithm for reputation management in P2P networks
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
Defending Anonymous Communications Against Passive Logging Attacks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Practical Anonymity for the Masses with Mix-Networks
WETICE '03 Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
Low-Cost Traffic Analysis of Tor
SP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Anonymous routing in structured peer-to-peer overlays
Anonymous routing in structured peer-to-peer overlays
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
CAPTCHA: using hard AI problems for security
EUROCRYPT'03 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Theory and applications of cryptographic techniques
Building reliable mix networks with fair exchange
ACNS'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security
Practical traffic analysis: extending and resisting statistical disclosure
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
The traffic analysis of continuous-time mixes
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
On flow correlation attacks and countermeasures in mix networks
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
ESORICS'05 Proceedings of the 10th European conference on Research in Computer Security
Improving sender anonymity in a structured overlay with imprecise routing
PET'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Breaking the collusion detection mechanism of morphmix
PET'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Denial of service or denial of security?
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Security against probe-response attacks in collaborative intrusion detection
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Large scale attack defense
Studying Timing Analysis on the Internet with SubRosa
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Bridging and Fingerprinting: Epistemic Attacks on Route Selection
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Don't Clog the Queue! Circuit Clogging and Mitigation in P2P Anonymity Schemes
Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Compromising Anonymity Using Packet Spinning
ISC '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Security
Information leaks in structured peer-to-peer anonymous communication systems
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Disappearing Cryptography: Information Hiding: Steganography & Watermarking
Disappearing Cryptography: Information Hiding: Steganography & Watermarking
Survey on anonymity in unstructured peer-to-peer systems
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
A Kademlia-Based Node Lookup System for Anonymization Networks
ISA '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference and Workshops on Advances in Information Security and Assurance
On anonymity in an electronic society: A survey of anonymous communication systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
NISAN: network information service for anonymization networks
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
ShadowWalker: peer-to-peer anonymous communication using redundant structured topologies
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Membership-concealing overlay networks
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Scalable onion routing with torsk
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Hashing it out in public: common failure modes of DHT-based anonymity schemes
Proceedings of the 8th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
GAS: overloading a file sharing network as an anonymizing system
IWSEC'07 Proceedings of the Security 2nd international conference on Advances in information and computer security
ReDS: reputation for directory services in P2P systems
Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research
A practical congestion attack on tor using long paths
SSYM'09 Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
ReDS: reputation for directory services in P2P systems
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on Insider threats
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Preventing active timing attacks in low-latency anonymous communication
PETS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
CONCUR'10 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Concurrency theory
Scalable anonymous communication with provable security
HotSec'10 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on Hot topics in security
Anonymity analysis of P2P anonymous communication systems
Computer Communications
Pr2-P2PSIP: privacy preserving P2P signaling for VoIP and IM
Principles, Systems and Applications of IP Telecommunications
Anonygator: privacy and integrity preserving data aggregation
Proceedings of the ACM/IFIP/USENIX 11th International Conference on Middleware
PIR-Tor: scalable anonymous communication using private information retrieval
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
Minimising anonymity loss in anonymity networks under DoS attacks
ICICS'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information and communications security
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
"Super nodes" in Tor: existence and security implication
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Information Leaks in Structured Peer-to-Peer Anonymous Communication Systems
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) - Special Issue on Computer and Communications Security
Is that you? Authentication in a network without identities
International Journal of Security and Networks
Commensal cuckoo: secure group partitioning for large-scale services
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
A game-theoretic analysis of cooperation in anonymity networks
POST'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Principles of Security and Trust
Resource-competitive analysis: a new perspective on attack-resistant distributed computing
FOMC '12 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Foundations of Mobile Computing
Probabilistic analysis of onion routing in a black-box model
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Cachet: a decentralized architecture for privacy preserving social networking with caching
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies
Towards practical communication in Byzantine-resistant DHTs
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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Highly distributed anonymous communications systems have the promise to reduce the effectiveness of certain attacks and improve scalability over more centralized approaches. Existing approaches, however, face security and scalability issues. Requiring nodes to have full knowledge of the other nodes in the system, as in Tor and Tarzan, limits scalability and can lead to intersection attacks in peer-to-peer configurations. MorphMix avoids this requirement for complete system knowledge, but users must rely on untrusted peers to select the path. This can lead to the attacker controlling the entire path more often than is acceptable.To overcome these problems, we propose Salsa, a structured approach to organizing highly distributed anonymous communications systems for scalability and security. Salsa is designed to select nodes to be used in anonymous circuits randomly from the full set of nodes, even though each node has knowledge of only a subset of the network. It uses a distributed hash table based on hashes of the nodes' IP addresses to organize the system. With a virtual tree structure, limited knowledge of other nodes is enough to route node lookups throughout the system. We use redundancy and bounds checking when performing lookups to prevent malicious nodes from returning false information without detection. We show that our scheme prevents attackers from biasing path selection, while incurring moderate overheads, as long as the fraction of malicious nodes is less than 20%. Additionally, the system prevents attackers from obtaining a snapshot of the entire system until the number of attackers grows too large (e.g. 15% for 10000 peers and 256 groups). The number of groups can be used as a tunable parameter in the system, depending on the number of peers, that can be used to balance performance and security.