Authentication and authenticated key exchanges
Designs, Codes and Cryptography
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Infranet: Circumventing Web Censorship and Surveillance
Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium
Side-Channel Attacks on Symmetric Encryption Schemes: The Case for Authenticated Encryption
Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium
Eliminating Steganography in Internet Traffic with Active Wardens
IH '02 Revised Papers from the 5th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Statistical Identification of Encrypted Web Browsing Traffic
SP '02 Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
How to achieve blocking resistance for existing systems enabling anonymous web surfing
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Low-Cost Traffic Analysis of Tor
SP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Polyglot: automatic extraction of protocol message format using dynamic binary analysis
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Discoverer: automatic protocol reverse engineering from network traces
SS'07 Proceedings of 16th USENIX Security Symposium on USENIX Security Symposium
Plaintext Recovery Attacks against SSH
SP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
On dominant characteristics of residential broadband internet traffic
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security
On the risks of serving whenever you surf: vulnerabilities in Tor's blocking resistance design
Proceedings of the 8th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Fingerprinting websites using traffic analysis
PET'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis
A potential HTTP-based application-level attack against Tor
Future Generation Computer Systems
Advanced Statistical Steganalysis
Advanced Statistical Steganalysis
Cryptographic extraction and key derivation: the HKDF scheme
CRYPTO'10 Proceedings of the 30th annual conference on Advances in cryptology
Chipping away at censorship firewalls with user-generated content
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
Phonotactic Reconstruction of Encrypted VoIP Conversations: Hookt on Fon-iks
SP '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Telex: anticensorship in the network infrastructure
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
Website fingerprinting in onion routing based anonymization networks
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Cirripede: circumvention infrastructure using router redirection with plausible deniability
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Realtime classification for encrypted traffic
SEA'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Experimental Algorithms
Privacy vulnerabilities in encrypted HTTP streams
PET'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
SP 800-38D. Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
SP 800-38D. Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation: Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) and GMAC
NetCamo: camouflaging network traffic for QoS-guaranteed mission critical applications
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Evading censorship with browser-based proxies
PETS'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Making sense of internet censorship: a new frontier for internet measurement
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Protocol misidentification made easy with format-transforming encryption
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
Elligator: elliptic-curve points indistinguishable from uniform random strings
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
Cover your ACKs: pitfalls of covert channel censorship circumvention
Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security
ScrambleSuit: a polymorphic network protocol to circumvent censorship
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Workshop on privacy in the electronic society
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Internet censorship by governments is an increasingly common practice worldwide. Internet users and censors are locked in an arms race: as users find ways to evade censorship schemes, the censors develop countermeasures for the evasion tactics. One of the most popular and effective circumvention tools, Tor, must regularly adjust its network traffic signature to remain usable. We present StegoTorus, a tool that comprehensively disguises Tor from protocol analysis. To foil analysis of packet contents, Tor's traffic is steganographed to resemble an innocuous cover protocol, such as HTTP. To foil analysis at the transport level, the Tor circuit is distributed over many shorter-lived connections with per-packet characteristics that mimic cover-protocol traffic. Our evaluation demonstrates that StegoTorus improves the resilience of Tor to fingerprinting attacks and delivers usable performance.