Crowds: anonymity for Web transactions
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
King: estimating latency between arbitrary internet end hosts
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Introducing MorphMix: peer-to-peer based anonymous Internet usage with collusion detection
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society
Traffic Analysis Attacks and Trade-Offs in Anonymity Providing Systems
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
Mixminion: Design of a Type III Anonymous Remailer Protocol
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Defending Anonymous Communications Against Passive Logging Attacks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Variability in TCP round-trip times
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
PlanetLab: an overlay testbed for broad-coverage services
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
PIC: Practical Internet Coordinates for Distance Estimation
ICDCS '04 Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS'04)
Vivaldi: a decentralized network coordinate system
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Low-Cost Traffic Analysis of Tor
SP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
An introduction to ROC analysis
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: ROC analysis in pattern recognition
Hot or not: revealing hidden services by their clock skew
Proceedings of the 13th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Constraint-based geolocation of internet hosts
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A network positioning system for the internet
ATEC '04 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Scriptroute: a public internet measurement facility
USITS'03 Proceedings of the 4th conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 4
Geolocalization on the internet through constraint satisfaction
WORLDS'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Workshop on Real, Large Distributed Systems - Volume 3
Fingerprinting websites using traffic analysis
PET'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Network coordinates in the wild
NSDI'07 Proceedings of the 4th USENIX conference on Networked systems design & implementation
Practical traffic analysis: extending and resisting statistical disclosure
PET'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Studying Timing Analysis on the Internet with SubRosa
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Don't Clog the Queue! Circuit Clogging and Mitigation in P2P Anonymity Schemes
Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Information leaks in structured peer-to-peer anonymous communication systems
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Dependent link padding algorithms for low latency anonymity systems
Proceedings of the 15th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
PEON: privacy-enhanced opportunistic networks with applications in assistive environments
Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
On anonymity in an electronic society: A survey of anonymous communication systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Hashing it out in public: common failure modes of DHT-based anonymity schemes
Proceedings of the 8th ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
How much anonymity does network latency leak?
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Low-latency Mix Using Split and Merge Operations
Journal of Network and Systems Management
A practical congestion attack on tor using long paths
SSYM'09 Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Recruiting new tor relays with BRAIDS
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Traffic analysis against low-latency anonymity networks using available bandwidth estimation
ESORICS'10 Proceedings of the 15th European conference on Research in computer security
Empirical tests of anonymous voice over IP
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Anonymity analysis of P2P anonymous communication systems
Computer Communications
A comparative performance evaluation of DNS tunneling tools
CISIS'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computational intelligence in security for information systems
ExperimenTor: a testbed for safe and realistic tor experimentation
CSET'11 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Cyber security experimentation and test
DefenestraTor: throwing out windows in Tor
PETS'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Stealthy traffic analysis of low-latency anonymous communication using throughput fingerprinting
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Information Leaks in Structured Peer-to-Peer Anonymous Communication Systems
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) - Special Issue on Computer and Communications Security
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Tor HTTP usage and information leakage
CMS'10 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 6/TC 11 international conference on Communications and Multimedia Security
Review: A survey on solutions and main free tools for privacy enhancing Web communications
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Website detection using remote traffic analysis
PETS'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Dissent in numbers: making strong anonymity scale
OSDI'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on Operating Systems Design and Implementation
Security and Communication Networks
SGor: Trust graph based onion routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Low-latency anonymity systems such as Tor, AN.ON, Crowds, and Anonymizer.com aim to provide anonymous connections that are both untraceable by "local" adversaries who control only a few machines, and have low enough delay to support anonymous use of network services like web browsing and remote login. One consequence of these goals is that these services leak some information about the network latency between the sender and one or more nodes in the system. This paper reports on three experiments that partially measure the extent to which such leakage can compromise anonymity. First, using a public dataset of pairwise round-trip times (RTTs) between 2000 Internet hosts, we estimate that on average, knowing the network location of host A and the RTT to host B leaks 3.64 bits of information about the network location of B. Second, we describe an attack that allows a pair of colluding web sites to predict, based on local timing information and with no additional resources, whether two connections from the same Tor exit node are using the same circuit with 17% equal error rate. Finally, we describe an attack that allows a malicious website, with access to a network coordinate system and one corrupted Tor router, to recover roughly 6.8 bits of network location per hour.