Traffic analysis: protocols, attacks, design issues, and open problems
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
Tarzan: a peer-to-peer anonymizing network layer
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Introducing MorphMix: peer-to-peer based anonymous Internet usage with collusion detection
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society
Mixminion: Design of a Type III Anonymous Remailer Protocol
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Defending Anonymous Communications Against Passive Logging Attacks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
On Individual and Aggregate TCP Performance
ICNP '99 Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Metrics for Security and Performance in Low-Latency Anonymity Systems
PETS '08 Proceedings of the 8th international symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
A survey of state-of-the-art in anonymity metrics
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Network data anonymization
A taxonomy for and analysis of anonymous communications networks
A taxonomy for and analysis of anonymous communications networks
As-awareness in Tor path selection
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security
Survey on anonymous communications in computer networks
Computer Communications
PET'02 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Performance comparison of low-latency anonymisation services from a user perspective
PET'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
Anonymous connections and onion routing
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Instant degradation of anonymity in low-latency anonymisation systems
AIMS'12 Proceedings of the 6th IFIP WG 6.6 international autonomous infrastructure, management, and security conference on Dependable Networks and Services
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The most popular system for providing practical low-latency anonymity on the Internet is Tor. However, many other tools besides Tor exist as both free and commercial solutions. In this paper, we consider five most popular low-latency anonymisation services that represent the current state of the art: single-hop proxies (Perfect Privacy and free proxies) and Onion Routing based solutions (Tor, I2P, and Jon-Donym). We assess their usability and rank them in regard to their anonymity. We also assess their efficiency and reliability. To this end, we define a set of metrics and present extensive measurements based on round-trip time, inter-packet delay variation and throughput. Apart from the technical realization, economic aspects are also crucial for anonymous communication systems. In order to attract more users, which is mandatory in order to improve anonymity per se, systems need to exhibit a certain payoff. We therefore define an economic model that takes all relevant aspects into consideration. In this paper, we describe the results obtained, lessons learned, and provide guidance for selecting the most appropriate system with respect to a set of requirements.