Untraceable electronic mail, return addresses, and digital pseudonyms
Communications of the ACM
A Payment Scheme for Mixes Providing Anonymity
TREC '98 Proceedings of the International IFIP/GI Working Conference on Trends in Distributed Systems for Electronic Commerce
CT-RSA '02 Proceedings of the The Cryptographer's Track at the RSA Conference on Topics in Cryptology
CRYPTO '88 Proceedings of the 8th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Information Hiding
Fundamental Limits on the Anonymity Provided by the MIX Technique
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Building reliable mix networks with fair exchange
ACNS'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security
EUROCRYPT'05 Proceedings of the 24th annual international conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Efficient blind and partially blind signatures without random oracles
TCC'06 Proceedings of the Third conference on Theory of Cryptography
APOD: Anonymous Physical Object Delivery
PETS '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Security Analysis of AN.ON's Payment Scheme
NordSec '09 Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems: Identity and Privacy in the Internet Age
Recruiting new tor relays with BRAIDS
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
ZKPDL: a language-based system for efficient zero-knowledge proofs and electronic cash
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
FC'10 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security
A game-theoretic analysis of cooperation in anonymity networks
POST'12 Proceedings of the First international conference on Principles of Security and Trust
Practical privacy preserving cloud resource-payment for constrained clients
PETS'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Double-spending fast payments in bitcoin
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Providing Users’ Anonymity in Mobile Hybrid Networks
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
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Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depend on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives to participate. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well.In this paper, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of "one use" electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users' anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously --- when adopted individually --- provably fail.