Web MIXes: a system for anonymous and unobservable Internet access
International workshop on Designing privacy enhancing technologies: design issues in anonymity and unobservability
Infranet: Circumventing Web Censorship and Surveillance
Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium
Deanonymizing Users of the SafeWeb Anonymizing Service
Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Security Symposium
How to achieve blocking resistance for existing systems enabling anonymous web surfing
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
Tor: the second-generation onion router
SSYM'04 Proceedings of the 13th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 13
Internet censorship in china: where does the filtering occur?
PAM'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Passive and active measurement
Telex: anticensorship in the network infrastructure
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
Ignoring the great firewall of china
PET'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
Splinternet Behind the Great Firewall of China
Queue - Web Security
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VPN Gate is a public VPN relay service designed to achieve blocking resistance to censorship firewalls such as the Great Firewall (GFW) of China. To achieve such resistance, we organize many volunteers to provide a VPN relay service, with many changing IP addresses. To block VPN Gate with their firewalls, censorship authorities must find the IP addresses of all the volunteers. To prevent this, we adopted two techniques to improve blocking resistance. The first technique is to mix a number of innocent IP addresses into the relay server list provided to the public. The second technique is collaborative spy detection. The volunteer servers work together to create a list of spies, meaning the computers used by censorship authorities to probe the volunteer servers. Using this list, each volunteer server ignores packets from spies. We launched VPN Gate on March 8, 2013. By the end of August it had about 3,000 daily volunteers using 6,300 unique IP addresses to facilitate 464,000 VPN connections from users worldwide, including 45,000 connections and 9,000 unique IP addresses from China. At the time VPN Gate maintained about 70% of volunteer VPN servers as unblocked by the GFW.