On the use and performance of content distribution networks
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Globally Distributed Content Delivery
IEEE Internet Computing
The Case for Streaming Multimedia with TCP
IDMS '01 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems
A Transparent Rate Adaptation Algorithm for Streaming Video over the Internet
AINA '04 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications - Volume 2
Insight and perspectives for content delivery networks
Communications of the ACM - Personal information management
Multimedia streaming using multiple TCP connections
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Multimedia streaming via TCP: An analytic performance study
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
An evaluation of TCP-based rate-control algorithms for adaptive internet streaming of H.264/SVC
MMSys '10 Proceedings of the first annual ACM SIGMM conference on Multimedia systems
Improving internet video streamilng performance by parallel TCP-based request-response streams
CCNC'10 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE conference on Consumer communications and networking conference
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
An experimental evaluation of rate-adaptation algorithms in adaptive streaming over HTTP
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
Rate adaptation for adaptive HTTP streaming
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
Evaluation of HTTP-based request-response streams for internet video streaming
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
A test-bed for the dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP featuring session mobility
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
Segment duration for rate adaptation of adaptive HTTP streaming
ICME '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo
Minimizing server throughput for low-delay live streaming in content delivery networks
Proceedings of the 22nd international workshop on Network and Operating System Support for Digital Audio and Video
On the impact of redirection on HTTP adaptive streaming services in federated CDNs
AIMS'13 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 6.6 international conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management, and Security: emerging management mechanisms for the future internet - Volume 7943
Design and evaluation of tile selection algorithms for tiled HTTP adaptive streaming
AIMS'13 Proceedings of the 7th IFIP WG 6.6 international conference on Autonomous Infrastructure, Management, and Security: emerging management mechanisms for the future internet - Volume 7943
Caching in HTTP Adaptive Streaming: Friend or Foe?
Proceedings of Network and Operating System Support on Digital Audio and Video Workshop
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Recently the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) specified Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) to cope with the shortages in progressive HTTP based downloading and Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), shortly RTP/UDP, based streaming. This paper investigates rate adaptation for the serial segment fetching method and the parallel segment fetching method in Content Distribution Network (CDN). The serial segment fetching method requests and receives segments sequentially whereas the parallel segment fetching method requests media segments in parallel. First, a novel rate adaptation metric is presented in this paper, which is the ratio of the expected segment fetch time (ESFT) and the measured segment fetch time to detect network congestion and spare network capacity quickly. ESFT represents the optimum segment fetch time determined by the media segment duration multiplied by the number of parallel HTTP threads to deliver media segments and the remaining duration to fetch the next segment to keep a certain amount of media time in the client buffer. Second, two novel rate adaptation algorithms are proposed for the serial and the parallel segment fetching methods, respectively, based on the proposed rate adaptation metric. The proposed rate adaptation algorithms use a step-wise switch-up and a multi-step switch-down strategy upon detecting the spare networks capacity and congestion with the proposed rate adaptation metric. To provide a good convergence in the representation level for DASH in CDN, a sliding window is used to measure the latest multiple rate adaptation metrics to determine switch-up. To decide switch-down, a rate adaptation metric is used. Each rate adaptation metric represents a reception of a segment/portion of a segment, which can be fetched from the different edge servers in CDN, hence it can be used to estimate the corresponding edge server bandwidth. To avoid buffer overflow due to a slight mismatch in the optimum representation level and bandwidth, an idling method is used to idle a given duration before sending the next segment. In order to solve the fairness between different clients who compete for bandwidth, the prioritized optimum segment fetch time is assigned to the newly joined clients. The proposed rate adaptation method does not require any transport layer information, which is not available at the application layer without cross layer communication. Simulation results show that the proposed rate adaptation algorithms for the serial and the parallel segment fetching methods quickly adapt the media bitrate to match the end-to-end network capacity, provide an advanced convergence and fairness between different clients and also effectively control buffer underflow and overflow for DASH in CDN. The reported simulation results demonstrate that the parallel rate adaptation outperforms the serial DASH rate adaptation algorithm with respect to achievable media bitrates while the serial rate adaptation is superior to the parallel DASH with respect to the convergence and buffer underflow frequency.