Scalable streaming of JPEG2000 images using hypertext transfer protocol
MULTIMEDIA '01 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Multimedia
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Automatic browsing of large pictures on mobile devices
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Learning user interest for image browsing on small-form-factor devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gaze-based interaction for semi-automatic photo cropping
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
How late can you update gaze-contingent multiresolutional displays without detection?
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Supporting region-of-interest cropping through constrained compression
MM '08 Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Multimedia
PCS'09 Proceedings of the 27th conference on Picture Coding Symposium
Supporting zoomable video streams with dynamic region-of-interest cropping
MMSys '10 Proceedings of the first annual ACM SIGMM conference on Multimedia systems
Interactive panoramic video streaming system over restricted bandwidth network
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
Towards characterizing users' interaction with zoomable video
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM workshop on Social, adaptive and personalized multimedia interaction and access
Adaptive encoding of zoomable video streams based on user access pattern
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
The SP- and SI-frames design for H.264/AVC
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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Zoomable video allows users to selectively zoom and pan into regions of interest within the video for viewing at higher resolutions. Such interaction requires dynamic cropping of RoIs on the source video. We have previously explored two different ways of encoding and transmitting video to support dynamic RoI cropping: (i) Monolithic streaming uses a standard video encoder to encode the video. When an RoI is requested, the bits belonging to the RoI along with other bits required to decode the RoIs (due to encoding dependencies) are transmitted. (ii) Tile streaming divides regions in the standard video into rectangular tiles that are encoded independently. The tiles that intersect with a requested RoI are transmitted. In this paper, we consider how the bandwidth needed to transmit the RoIs can be reduced by carefully encoding the source video for each of the two encoding schemes. The goal is to support bandwidth efficient compressed domain RoI cropping in the context of virtual zoom and pan by tuning encoder parameters. Our key idea is to exploit user access patterns to the RoIs, and encode different regions of the video with different encoding parameters based on the popularity of the region. We show that our encoding method can reduce the expected bandwidth by up to 43% in the test video sequence which we have used.