Blind PARAFAC receivers for DS-CDMA systems

  • Authors:

  • N.D. Sidiropoulos;G.B. Giannakis;R. Bro

  • Affiliations:

  • Dept. of Electr. Eng., Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA;-;-

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
  • Year:
  • 2000

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Abstract

This paper links the direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) multiuser separation-equalization-detection problem to the parallel factor (PARAFAC) model, which is an analysis tool rooted in psychometrics and chemometrics. Exploiting this link, it derives a deterministic blind PARAFAC DS-CDMA receiver with performance close to non-blind minimum mean-squared error (MMSE). The proposed PARAFAC receiver capitalizes on code, spatial, and temporal diversity-combining, thereby supporting small sample sizes, more users than sensors, and/or less spreading than users. Interestingly, PARAFAC does not require knowledge of spreading codes, the specifics of multipath (interchip interference), DOA-calibration information, finite alphabet/constant modulus, or statistical independence/whiteness to recover the information-bearing signals. Instead, PARAFAC relies on a fundamental result regarding the uniqueness of low-rank three-way array decomposition due to Kruskal (1977, 1988) (and generalized herein to the complex-valued case) that guarantees identifiability of all relevant signals and propagation parameters. These and other issues are also demonstrated in pertinent simulation experiments