Information hiding: steganography and watermarking—attacks and countermeasures
Information hiding: steganography and watermarking—attacks and countermeasures
Detecting LSB Steganography in Color and Gray-Scale Images
IEEE MultiMedia
Attacks on Steganographic Systems
IH '99 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Information Hiding
IHW '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Information Hiding
A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing
Pattern Recognition Letters
Steganalytic Measures for the Steganography Using Pixel-Value Differencing and Modulus Function
PCM '08 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia: Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Improving security of pixel value differencing steganographic method
NTMS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on New technologies, mobility and security
SVD-based universal spatial domain image steganalysis
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
On the limits of steganography
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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Tri-way Pixel Value Differencing (TPVD) steganographic method is a new modified version of another well-known method called PVD, which intents to increase embedding capacity and security of its successor by hiding secret bits in both vertical and diagonal edges of a cover image, in addition to the horizontal edges used in PVD. In this paper, it is shown that the histogram of difference values of a stego image under the TPVD algorithms is vulnerable to a particular statistical analysis. So, a new steganalytic measure named Growing Anomalies is introduced that its value has a linear relationship with secret message rate. It is shown empirically and theoretically that proposed steganalysis method based on this measure can estimate the amount of secret bits with a negligible error rate. The proposed steganalyser can classify test images as stego or cover with 97% accuracy when they contain more that 10% secret data. Implementation results indicate that proposed method can estimate secret message rate with an average accuracy of 95%.