Ubiquitous computing within cars: designing controls for non-visual use
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Interaction of Visual and Haptic Information in Simulated Environments: Texture Perception
Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Haptic Human-Computer Interaction
Perceiving ordinal data haptically under workload
ICMI '05 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
The benefits of multimodal information: a meta-analysis comparing visual and visual-tactile feedback
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Can Haptics Facilitate Interaction with an In-Vehicle Multifunctional Interface?
IEEE Transactions on Haptics
Haptic controls in cars for making driving more safe
ROBIO'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Robotics and biomimetics
BIONIC: 'eyes-free' design of secondary driving controls
Accessible Design'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Accessible Design in the Digital World
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Today, several vehicles are equipped with a visual display combined with a haptic rotary device for handling in-vehicle information system tasks while driving. This experimental study investigates whether a haptic addition to a visual interface interferes with or supports secondary task performance and whether haptic information could be used without taking eyes off road. Four interfaces were compared during simulated driving: visual only, partly corresponding visual-haptic, fully corresponding visual-haptic, and haptic only. Secondary task performance and subjective mental workload were measured. Additionally, the participants were interviewed. It was found that some haptic support improved performance. However, when more haptic information was used, the results diverged in terms of task completion time and interface comprehension. Some participants did not sense all haptics provided, some did not comprehend the correspondence between the haptic and visual interfaces, and some did. Interestingly, the participants managed to complete the tasks when using haptic-only information.