Hybrid routing: the pursuit of an adaptable and scalable routing framework for ad hoc networks
The handbook of ad hoc wireless networks
Independent zone routing: an adaptive hybrid routing framework for ad hoc wireless networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Balancing distance and lifetime in delay constrained ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking and computing
Efficient virtual-backbone routing in mobile ad hoc networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks by using a multiagent system
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Plus-tree: a routing protocol for wireless sensor networks
ICHIT'06 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Advances in hybrid information technology
A Cluster-Based Approach for Efficient Multi-Source Multicasting in MANETs
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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Virtual backbone routing (VBR) is a scalable hybrid routing framework for ad hoc networks, which combines local proactive and global reactive routing components over a variable-sized zone hierarchy. The zone hierarchy is maintained through a novel distributed virtual backbone maintenance scheme, termed the distributed database coverage heuristic (DDCH), also presented in this paper. Borrowing from the design philosophy of the zone routing protocol, VBR limits the proactive link information exchange to the local routing zones only. Furthermore, the reactive component of VBR restricts the route queries to within the virtual backbone only, thus improving the overall routing efficiency. Our numerical results suggest that the cost of the hybrid VBR scheme can be a small fraction of that of either one of the purely proactive or purely reactive protocols, with or without route caching. Since the data routes do not necessarily pass through the virtual backbone nodes, traffic congestion is considerably reduced. Yet, the average length of the VBR routes tends to be close to optimal. Compared with the traditional one-hop hierarchical protocols, our results indicate that, for a network of moderate to large size, VBR with an optimal zone radius larger than one can significantly reduce the routing traffic. Furthermore, we demonstrate VBR's improved scalability through analysis and simulations