Wavelet Transformation Based Watermarking Technique for Human Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Journal of Medical Systems
Data Integration for Medical Information Management
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems
A new scheme of robust image watermarking: the double watermarking algorithm
Proceedings of the 2007 Summer Computer Simulation Conference
Embedding and Retrieving Private Metadata in Electrocardiograms
Journal of Medical Systems
Participatory EHPR: A Watermarking Solution
IWANN '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part I: Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence
A method for trust management in cloud computing: Data coloring by cloud watermarking
International Journal of Automation and Computing
Secure information embedding into 1D biomedical signals based on SPIHT
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Reversible watermarking scheme for medical image based on differential evolution
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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The modern telecommunication infrastructure supports the possibility of delivering quality health care without the physical presence of medical experts. The integrity of biomedical signals being transmitted through the communication channels must be established before their utilization. This paper investigates three digital watermarking techniques for signal integrity verification in an electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring application for brain injury detection. The techniques studied are the patchwork, least-significant bit and quantization watermarking methods. The three techniques are evaluated and compared in the following areas: sensitivity to noise contamination, robustness to EEG signal characteristic changes due to brain injury, and consistency under various communication channel models. The patchwork method performs best for noise contamination rejection among the three methods. The noise contamination detection rates of all three methods remain relatively stable across a wide range of EEG characteristics.