Selecting the Advanced Encryption Standard
IEEE Security and Privacy
Wavelet Transformation Based Watermarking Technique for Human Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Journal of Medical Systems
Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications
Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications
A simple method for guaranteeing ECG quality in real-time wavelet lossy coding
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Reversible Data Hiding for Electrocardiogram Signal Based on Wavelet Transforms
CIS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security - Volume 01
Embedding and Retrieving Private Metadata in Electrocardiograms
Journal of Medical Systems
Digital Watermarking of ECG Data for Secure Wireless Commuication
ITC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Conference on Recent Trends in Information, Telecommunication and Computing
Interoperability in digital electrocardiography: harmonization of ISO/IEEE x73-PHD and SCP-ECG
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Interoperability in digital electrocardiography: harmonization of ISO/IEEE x73-PHD and SCP-ECG
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Watermarking medical signals for telemedicine
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in hierarchical trees
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Low bit-rate scalable video coding with 3-D set partitioning in hierarchical trees (3-D SPIHT)
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
A robust and simple security extension for the medical standard SCP-ECG
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
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This paper proposes an encoding system for 1D biomedical signals that allows embedding metadata and provides security and privacy. The design is based on the analysis of requirements for secure and efficient storage, transmission and access to medical tests in e-health environment. This approach uses the 1D SPIHT algorithm to compress 1D biomedical signals with clinical quality, metadata embedding in the compressed domain to avoid extra distortion, digital signature to implement security and attribute-level encryption to support Role-Based Access Control. The implementation has been extensively tested using standard electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram databases (MIT-BIH Arrhythmia, MIT-BIH Compression and SCCN-EEG), demonstrating high embedding capacity (e.g. 3KB in resting ECGs, 200KB in stress tests, 30MB in ambulatory ECGs), short delays (2-3.3s in real-time transmission) and compression of the signal (by ~3 in real-time transmission, by ~5 in offline operation) despite of the embedding of security elements and metadata to enable e-health services.