Formal requirements for virtualizable third generation architectures
Communications of the ACM
Vertical profiling: understanding the behavior of object-priented applications
OOPSLA '04 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Diagnosing performance overheads in the xen virtual machine environment
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
Accelerating two-dimensional page walks for virtualized systems
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
VrtProf: Vertical Profiling for System Virtualization
HICSS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Performance profiling in a virtualized environment
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Performance profiling of virtual machines
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Perfctr-Xen: a framework for performance counter virtualization
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
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Virtual machines are becoming commonplace as a stable and flexible platform to run many workloads. As developers continue to move more workloads into virtual environments, they need ways to analyze the performance characteristics of those workloads. However, performance efforts can be hindered because the standard profiling tools like VTune and the Linux Performance Counter Subsystem do not work in most modern hypervisors. These tools rely on CPUs' hardware performance counters, which are not currently exposed to the guests by most hypervisors. This work discusses the challenges of performance counters due to the trap and emulate method of virtualization and the time sharing of physical CPUs among multiple virtual CPUs. We propose an approach to address these issues to provide useful and intuitive information about guest performance and the relative costs of virtualization overheads.