Disco: running commodity operating systems on scalable multiprocessors
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Xen and the art of virtualization
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The Reincarnation of Virtual Machines
Queue - Virtual Machines
Virtual Appliances for Deploying and Maintaining Software
LISA '03 Proceedings of the 17th USENIX conference on System administration
Diagnosing performance overheads in the xen virtual machine environment
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
The Tau Parallel Performance System
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Operating system support for virtual machines
ATEC '03 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Analysis of the Intel Pentium's ability to support a secure virtual machine monitor
SSYM'00 Proceedings of the 9th conference on USENIX Security Symposium - Volume 9
Linux Journal
Virtual machines: a whole new world for performance analysis
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
HPCTOOLKIT: tools for performance analysis of optimized parallel programs http://hpctoolkit.org
Concurrency and Computation: Practice & Experience - Scalable Tools for High-End Computing
Performance profiling in a virtualized environment
HotCloud'10 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Hot topics in cloud computing
Performance profiling of virtual machines
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Virtualizing performance counters
Euro-Par'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Parallel Processing
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
ACM SIGOPS 24th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
VirtuOS: an operating system with kernel virtualization
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles
Towards fair and efficient SMP virtual machine scheduling
Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
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Virtualization is a powerful technique used for variety of application domains, including emerging cloud environments that provide access to virtual machines as a service. Because of the interaction of virtual machines with multiple underlying software and hardware layers, the analysis of the performance of applications running in virtualized environments has been difficult. Moreover, performance analysis tools commonly used in native environments were not available in virtualized environments, a gap which our work closes. This paper discusses the challenges of performance monitoring inherent to virtualized environments and introduces a technique to virtualize access to low-level performance counters on a per-thread basis. The technique was implemented in perfctr-xen, a framework for the Xen hypervisor that provides an infrastructure for higher-level profilers. This framework supports both accumulative event counts and interrupt-driven event sampling. It is light-weight, providing direct user mode access to logical counter values. perfctr-xen supports multiple modes of virtualization, including paravirtualization and hardware-assisted virtualization. perfctr-xen applies guest kernel-hypervisor coordination techniques to reduce virtualization overhead. We present experimental results based on microbenchmarks and SPEC CPU2006 macrobenchmarks that show the accuracy and usability of the obtained measurements when compared to native execution.