Operating system support for virtual machines

  • Authors:
  • Samuel T. King;George W. Dunlap;Peter M. Chen

  • Affiliations:
  • Computer Science and Engineering Division, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan;Computer Science and Engineering Division, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan;Computer Science and Engineering Division, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan

  • Venue:
  • ATEC '03 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

A virtual-machine monitor (VMM) is a useful technique for adding functionality below existing operating system and application software. One class of VMMs (called Type II VMMs) builds on the abstractions provided by a host operating system. Type II VMMs are elegant and convenient, but their performance is currently an order of magnitude slower than that achieved when running outside a virtual machine (a standalone system). In this paper, we examine the reasons for this large overhead for Type II VMMs. We find that a few simple extensions to a host operating system can make it a much faster platform for running a VMM. Taking advantage of these extensions reduces virtualization overhead for a Type II VMM to 14-35% overhead, even for workloads that exercise the virtual machine intensively.