Information Systems Frontiers
The Wisdom of Crowds
Computer
Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities
Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities
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Today, the responsibility for U.S. cyber defense is divided asymmetrically between a large population of cyber-naïve end-users and a small cadre of cyber-savvy security experts in government and the private sector. We foresee the rise of "Cyber Civil Defense" driven by the perception of vulnerabilities in our present over-reliance on professionals and propelled by two additional factors: crowdsourced cyber offense and crowdsourced innovation. To explore crowdsourcing cyber defense, we developed an online game called Flux Hunter and deployed the game on a large-scale live network at APL, attracting over 700 players. In this paper, we discuss the concept of crowdsourced cyber defense, describe our online game, present our results, and analyze the performance and behaviors of players individually and collectively, looking for the "wisdom of crowds".