IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine
Ant colony system: a cooperative learning approach to the traveling salesman problem
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
A short convergence proof for a class of ant colony optimizationalgorithms
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
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Discrete Ant System (DAS) algorithm, a modification of classical Ant System algorithm formulated by M. Dorigo, is presented. Definition of optimization problem and a detailed description of component rules of DAS method are given. Then a probabilistic algebraic model of DAS heuristic describing its evolution in terms of Markov chains is presented. The final result in the form of a pointwise convergence of Discrete Ant System algorithm is established.