Artificial Intelligence - Chips challenging champions: games, computers and Artificial Intelligence
Finding equilibria in large sequential games of imperfect information
EC '06 Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
GIB: imperfect information in a computationally challenging game
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Improving state evaluation, inference, and search in trick-based card games
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
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As adversarial environments become more complex, it is increasingly crucial for agents to exploit the mistakes of weaker opponents, particularly in the context of winning tournaments and competitions. In this work, we present a simple post processing technique, which we call Perfect Information Post-Mortem Analysis (PIPMA), that can quickly assess the playing strength of an opponent in certain classes of game environments. We apply this technique to skat, a popular German card game, and show that we can achieve substantial performance gains against not only players weaker than our program, but against stronger players as well. Most importantly, PIPMA can model the opponent after only a handful of games. To our knowledge, this makes our work the first successful example of an opponent modelling technique that can adapt its play to a particular opponent in real time in a complex game setting.