Some principles for designing a wide-area WDM optical network
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Optical networks: a practical perspective
Optical networks: a practical perspective
Optical Network Design and Implementation
Optical Network Design and Implementation
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques
Optical WDM Networks (Optical Networks)
Optical WDM Networks (Optical Networks)
Design of logical topologies for wavelength-routed optical networks
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
WDM optical communication networks: progress and challenges
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Multi-objective routing wavelength assignment in WDM network using SPEA2 approach
ISCIT'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Communications and information technologies
Ant based hyper heuristic for physical impairment aware routing and wavelength assignment
Sarnoff'10 Proceedings of the 33rd IEEE conference on Sarnoff
EvoCOMNET'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Applications of Evolutionary Computation - Volume Part II
FWM aware evolutionary programming algorithm for transparent optical networks
Photonic Network Communications
A metaheuristic approach for optical network optimization problems
Applied Soft Computing
Dynamic lightpath establishment considering four-wave mixing in multifiber WDM networks
Photonic Network Communications
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The problem of lightpath topology design (LTD) and traffic routing over the lightpaths for wavelength-routed optical backbone networks has been investigated extensively in the past using heuristic as well as linear-programming based approaches. Sensitivity of such long-haul backbones to physical-layer impairments is required to be adequately addressed during LTD phase to improve overall performance. For optical communication using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) over a long-haul fiber backbone, four-wave mixing (FWM) may become one of the significant transmission impairments. Intrinsically, for a WDM-based wavelength-routed network with wavelengths assigned using equally-spaced channels, the generated FWM components are found to remain more crowded at the center of the fiber transmission window. Using this observation, we propose an LTD scheme employing a unique wavelength assignment (WA) technique, wherein long lightpaths (traversing through a larger number of fiber links) are allocated wavelengths at the either edges of the fiber transmission window whereas short lightpaths (consisting of fewer fiber links) are placed in the middle of the transmission window, thereby reducing the FWM crosstalk for long lightpaths. Since long lightpaths comprise of large numbers of fiber links and intermediate nodes, they experience large amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and switch crosstalk. Therefore, by using the proposed WA technique, long lightpaths while suffering from more ASE noise and switch crosstalk get subjected to lesser FWM crosstalk leading to a more uniform distribution of overall optical signal-to-noise ratio for all the lightpaths across the network. Analysis of our results indicates that the proposed FWM-aware LTD scheme with the novel WA technique can achieve similar congestion levels (of lightpaths) and bandwidth utilization efficiency without any need of additional network resources as compared with the existing FWM-unaware LTD schemes.