SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Self-similarity in World Wide Web traffic: evidence and possible causes
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A performance evaluation of hyper text transfer protocols
SIGMETRICS '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Measuring Web performance in the wide area
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Analyzing factors that influence end-to-end Web performance
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
BLT: Bi-layer tracing of HTTP and TCP&slash;IP
Proceedings of the 9th international World Wide Web conference on Computer networks : the international journal of computer and telecommunications netowrking
HTTP/TCP connection and flow characteristics
Performance Evaluation - Special issue on internet performance modelling
What TCP/IP protocol headers can tell us about the web
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Problems of Elastic Traffic Admission Control in an HTTP Scenario
IWQoS '01 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Quality of Service
An Empirical Model of HTTP Network Traffic
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
A Behavioral Model of Web Traffic
ICNP '99 Proceedings of the Seventh Annual International Conference on Network Protocols
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Traffic Engineering from a Fiber To Service Area Access Network
EUROMICRO '05 Proceedings of the 31st EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications
On providing elastic QoS in optical burst switched networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Elastic Internet applications have the greatest share in the traffic transported over the Internet today. Web access and e-mail are the most popular applications among most people using the Internet. Although these applications can well adapt to a wide range of bandwidths, their performance is an issue to people using services interactively. In this paper, we use sophisticated application-level evaluations to extract traffic characteristics and performance measures for HTTP, SMTP and POP3 from traffic traces. The process of loading Web pages by real browsers using persistent and parallel connections is studied in detail, revealing statistics about the elements in Web pages as well as the number of parallel connections and the accumulated waiting time during Web page loads. The main results are: (1) High variance distributions are not only found as expected in file sizes, but also in the number of items in a Web page, the number of e-mails transmitted in one connection, the duration of SMTP command exchanges or even the users' viewing times for Web pages. (2) Web browsers utilize more parallel connections than usually expected to simultaneously load items. (3) A large portion of the delay in Web page retrievals or e-mail transfers is due to serial waiting and can therefore not be significantly reduced by increasing bandwidths. Therefore, low latency is as much an issue in access systems as high bandwidth.