Observations on the dynamics of a congestion control algorithm: the effects of two-way traffic
SIGCOMM '91 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architecture & protocols
Improving round-trip time estimates in reliable transport protocols
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
SIGMETRICS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The macroscopic behavior of the TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Modeling TCP throughput: a simple model and its empirical validation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Dimensioning bandwidth for elastic traffic in high-speed data networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Some observations on the dynamics of a congestion control algorithm
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
An analytical framework for the performance evaluation of TCP Reno connections
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - QoS for IP networks
The drop from front strategy in TCP and in TCP over ATM
INFOCOM'96 Proceedings of the Fifteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies conference on The conference on computer communications - Volume 3
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With the rapid growth of Internet applications built on TCP/IP such as the World Wide Web and the standardization of traffic management schemes such as Available Bit Rate (ABR) in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks, it is essential to evaluate the performance of feedback-based protocols using traffic models which are specific to dominant applications. This paper presents a method for analyzing feedback-based protocols with a Web-user-like input traffic where the source alternates between 'transfer' periods followed by 'think' periods. Our key results, which are presented for the TCP protocol, are as follows: (1) When the round-trip time is the same for all users, the goodputs and the fraction of time that the system has some given number of transferring sources are insensitive to the distributions of transfer (file or page) sizes and think times except through the ratio of their means. Thus, apart from network round-trip times, only the ratio of average transfer sizes and think times of users need be known to size the network for achieving a specific quality of service. (2) The Engset model can be adapted to accurately compute goodputs for TCP and TCP over ATM, with different buffer management schemes. Though only these adaptations are given in the paper, the method based on the Engset model can be applied to analyze other feedback systems, such as ATM ABR, by finding a protocol specific adaptation. Hence, the method we develop is useful not only for analyzing TCP using a source model significantly different from the commonly used persistent sources, but also can be useful for analyzing other feedback schemes. (3) Comparisons of simulated TCP traffic to measured Ethernet traffic shows qualitatively similar second order autocorrelation when think times follow a Pareto distribution with infinite variance. Also, the simulated and measured traffic have long range dependence. In this sense our traffic model, which purports to be Web-user-like, also agrees with measured data traffic.