An efficient wavelet-tree-based watermarking method

  • Authors:

  • Ray-Shine Run;Shi-Jinn Horng;Wei-Hung Lin;Tzong-Wann Kao;Pingzhi Fan;Muhammad Khurram Khan

  • Affiliations:

  • Dept. of Electronic Engineering, National United University, Miao-Li 36003, Taiwan;Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan;Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan;Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Technology and Science, Institute of Northern Taiwan, Taipei, Taiwan;Institute of Mobile Communications, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610031, PR China;Center of Excellence in Information Assurance, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia

  • Venue:
  • Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
  • Year:
  • 2011

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Abstract

This paper proposes a blind watermarking scheme based on wavelet tree quantization for copyright protection. In such a quantization scheme, there exists a large significant difference while embedding a watermark bit 1 and a watermark bit 0; it then does not require any original image or watermark during watermark extraction process. As a result, the watermarked images look lossless in comparison with the original ones, and the proposed method can effectively resist common image processing attacks; especially for JPEG compression and low-pass filtering. Moreover, by designing an adaptive threshold value in the extraction process, our method is more robust for resisting common attacks such as median filtering, average filtering, and Gaussian noise. Experimental results show that the watermarked image looks visually identical to the original, and the watermark can be effectively extracted.