The Accuracy of the Clock Synchronization Achieved by TEMPO in Berkeley UNIX 4.3BSD
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
End-to-end packet delay and loss behavior in the internet
SIGCOMM '93 Conference proceedings on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Communication architectures and algorithms for media mixing in multimedia conferences
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Real time groupware as a distributed system: concurrency control and its effect on the interface
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Transport and display mechanisms for multimedia conferencing across packet-switched networks
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems - Special issue on a multi-dimensional view of multimedia
Causal delivery of messages with real-time data in unreliable networks
Real-Time Systems
Delay-jitter control in multimedia applications
Multimedia Systems
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Communications of the ACM
A Group Communication Model for Distributed Real-Time Causal Delivery
IC3N '98 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks
Real-time causal message ordering in multimedia systems
ICDCS '95 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
On the use of destination set grouping to improve fairness in multicast video distribution
INFOCOM'96 Proceedings of the Fifteenth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies conference on The conference on computer communications - Volume 2
Client requirements for real-time communication services
IEEE Communications Magazine
A scalable multicast protocol with QoS guaranties
Network control and engineering for Qos, security and mobility II
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This paper proposes a hierarchical architecture of communication allowing scalability in the case of multimedia applications such as teleconferencing where there is a large number of participants. From an unspecified communication network, we propose to decompose the system into local groups. Each local group is defined as a finite set of processes, which computes by performing some capacity tests. The proposed architecture guarantees a dynamic reconfiguration between local group members. Over this architecture, we present a real time synchronization protocol which allows to solve the problems of delay jitter and local clocks drift, and ensures real-time causal delivery. The protocol computes also the global delivery time of messages for the group multicast. We show that the proposed architecture reduces the buffer size and the use of the bandwidth compared to a direct connection architecture (complete graph between senders and receivers). To illustrate our purpose, we have implemented a tele-teaching application over LAN Emulation.