Adaptive Power Management Based on Reinforcement Learning for Embedded System
IEA/AIE '08 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems: New Frontiers in Applied Artificial Intelligence
System-level integrated power management for handheld systems
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Enabling power-efficient DVFS operations on silicon
IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine
Optimality and improvement of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms for multimedia applications
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
High performance dynamic voltage/frequency scaling algorithm for real-time dynamic load management
Journal of Systems and Software
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Dynamic supply-voltage scaling (DVS) can reduce the energy consumption of microprocessors, but most DVS schemes only scale the clock frequency of the microprocessor and ignore the memory system. In this paper, we show how more energy can be saved by changing the clock frequency of the memory as well as that of the microprocessor in a coordinated fashion. The contributions of this paper include: 1) consideration of both the energy and access time of the memory; 2) derivation of a mathematical formulation of a system-wide energy model as a function of the clock frequencies of the microprocessor and memory; 3) derivation of analytic solutions of system-wide energy-optimal clock-frequency pairs for the microprocessor and the memory, and, finally, 4) extension of the frequency-assignment technique to handle discrete voltages and frequencies. Cycle-accurate system-level energy simulation shows that the proposed scheme can save up to 50% more energy than previous DVS schemes. Our approach can also be applied to other synchronous peripheral devices