Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Animating an interactive conversational character for an educational game system
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Acceptance and usability of a relational agent interface by urban older adults
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multimodal expressive embodied conversational agents
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
Investigating Facial Animation Production through Artistic Inquiry
COMPUTATIONWORLD '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Computation World: Future Computing, Service Computation, Cognitive, Adaptive, Content, Patterns
Analysis and synthesis of multimodal verbal and non-verbal interaction for animated interface agents
COST 2102'07 Proceedings of the 2007 COST action 2102 international conference on Verbal and nonverbal communication behaviours
Choreographing emotional facial expressions
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - CASA' 2010 Special Issue
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This paper covers the findings of a qualitative study of facial animation, in which a cohort of student animators were tasked with producing spatiotemporally configured emotional expression animations. The timing of the upper and lower face regions within and between expressions such as happiness, sadness, and anger was explored by the animators, who sought to determine which configurations were the most and least effective in practice. The results showed that the student animators shared a degree of consensus when they discussed which configurations they found most authentic, and which configurations were the most clear. Configuration selection was dependent on the emotion or emotional transition being animated. These findings demonstrate that engagement with hand-key animators and practice-based research can generate results which would be of interest to the broader HCI community, in particular as regards the animation of interactive humanoid agents which exhibit believable changes in emotion.