Method to estimate parameter values in software prediction models
Information and Software Technology - Information and software economics
Agile Software Development with Scrum
Agile Software Development with Scrum
On Building Prediction Systems for Software Engineers
Empirical Software Engineering
A Review of Surveys on Software Effort Estimation
ISESE '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering
A Simulation Study of the Model Evaluation Criterion MMRE
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
User Stories Applied: For Agile Software Development
User Stories Applied: For Agile Software Development
Agile Project Management With Scrum
Agile Project Management With Scrum
Group Processes in Software Effort Estimation
Empirical Software Engineering
Agile Estimating and Planning
Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change (2nd Edition)
Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change (2nd Edition)
A Comparison of Software Project Overruns-Flexible versus Sequential Development Models
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
An Empirical Study of Using Planning Poker for User Story Estimation
AGILE '06 Proceedings of the conference on AGILE 2006
A framework for the analysis of software cost estimation accuracy
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Empirical software engineering
Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art
Software Estimation: Demystifying the Black Art
A Systematic Review of Software Development Cost Estimation Studies
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Combining Estimates with Planning Poker--An Empirical Study
ASWEC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 Australian Software Engineering Conference
Inconsistency of expert judgment-based estimates of software development effort
Journal of Systems and Software
The Relationship between Customer Collaboration and Software Project Overruns
AGILE '07 Proceedings of the AGILE 2007
Using planning poker for combining expert estimates in software projects
Journal of Systems and Software
A review of studies on expert estimation of software development effort
Journal of Systems and Software
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While most studies in psychology and forecasting stress the possible hazards of group processes when predicting effort and schedule, agile software development methods recommend the use of a group estimation technique called planning poker for estimating the size of user stories and developing release and iteration plans. It is assumed that the group discussion through planning poker helps in identifying activities that individual estimators could overlook, thus providing more accurate estimates and reducing the over-optimism that is typical for expert judgment-based methods. In spite of the widespread use of agile methods, there is little empirical evidence regarding the accuracy of planning poker estimates. In order to fill this gap a study was conducted requiring 13 student teams to develop a Web-based student records information system. All teams were given the same set of user stories which had to be implemented in three Sprints. Each team estimated the stories using planning poker and the estimates provided by each team member during the first round were averaged to obtain the statistical combination for further comparison. In the same way the stories were estimated by a group of experts. The study revealed that students' estimates were over-optimistic and that planning poker additionally increased the over-optimism. On the other hand, the experts' estimates obtained through planning poker were much closer to actual effort spent and tended to be more accurate than the statistical combination of their individual estimates. The results indicate that the optimism bias caused by group discussion diminishes or even disappears as the expertise of the people involved in the group estimation process increases.