Tracking point of view in narrative
Computational Linguistics
EACL '99 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Mining and summarizing customer reviews
Proceedings of the tenth ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Computational Linguistics
Thumbs up?: sentiment classification using machine learning techniques
EMNLP '02 Proceedings of the ACL-02 conference on Empirical methods in natural language processing - Volume 10
Determining the sentiment of opinions
COLING '04 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics
Extracting product features and opinions from reviews
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Recognizing contextual polarity in phrase-level sentiment analysis
HLT '05 Proceedings of the conference on Human Language Technology and Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Effectively using syntax for recognizing false entailment
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
OpinionFinder: a system for subjectivity analysis
HLT-Demo '05 Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP on Interactive Demonstrations
Negation of protein–protein interactions
Bioinformatics
Exploring hedge identification in biomedical literature
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Negation recognition in medical narrative reports
Information Retrieval
A factuality profiler for eventualities in text
A factuality profiler for eventualities in text
Multi-dimensional classification of biomedical text
Bioinformatics
Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis
Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval
Fine-grained subjectivity and sentiment analysis: recognizing the intensity, polarity, and attitudes of private states
Overview of BioNLP'09 shared task on event extraction
BioNLP '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Shared Task
Syntactic dependency based heuristics for biological event extraction
BioNLP '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing: Shared Task
Learning the scope of hedge cues in biomedical texts
BioNLP '09 Proceedings of the Workshop on Current Trends in Biomedical Natural Language Processing
CoNLL-X shared task on multilingual dependency parsing
CoNLL-X '06 Proceedings of the Tenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
A metalearning approach to processing the scope of negation
CoNLL '09 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
Negation, contrast and contradiction in text processing
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
It's a contradiction---no, it's not: a case study using functional relations
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Learning the scope of negation in biomedical texts
EMNLP '08 Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
NAACL-Short '07 Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Companion Volume, Short Papers
Recognizing contextual polarity: An exploration of features for phrase-level sentiment analysis
Computational Linguistics
Open information extraction from the web
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
The effect of negation on sentiment analysis and retrieval effectiveness
Proceedings of the 18th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
The third PASCAL recognizing textual entailment challenge
RTE '07 Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing
A discourse commitment-based framework for recognizing textual entailment
RTE '07 Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing
Annotating attribution in the Penn Discourse TreeBank
SST '06 Proceedings of the Workshop on Sentiment and Subjectivity in Text
ACLShort '09 Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 Conference Short Papers
Automatic sense prediction for implicit discourse relations in text
ACL '09 Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 2 - Volume 2
Committed belief annotation and tagging
ACL-IJCNLP '09 Proceedings of the Third Linguistic Annotation Workshop
Detecting speculations and their scopes in scientific text
EMNLP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Volume 3 - Volume 3
Hierarchical sequential learning for extracting opinions and their attributes
ACLShort '10 Proceedings of the ACL 2010 Conference Short Papers
NeSp-NLP '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Negation and Speculation in Natural Language Processing
A survey on the role of negation in sentiment analysis
NeSp-NLP '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Negation and Speculation in Natural Language Processing
Evaluating a meta-knowledge annotation scheme for bio-events
NeSp-NLP '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Negation and Speculation in Natural Language Processing
Using SVMs with the command relation features to identify negated events in biomedical literature
NeSp-NLP '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Negation and Speculation in Natural Language Processing
SemEval-2010 task 10: Linking events and their participants in discourse
SemEval '10 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation
Negation detection in Swedish clinical text
Louhi '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Second Louhi Workshop on Text and Data Mining of Health Documents
Evidentiality for text trustworthiness detection
NLPLING '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Workshop on NLP and Linguistics: Finding the Common Ground
Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
CoNLL '10: Shared Task Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
The CoNLL-2010 shared task: learning to detect hedges and their scope in natural language text
CoNLL '10: Shared Task Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
A cascade method for detecting hedges and their scope in natural language text
CoNLL '10: Shared Task Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
A hedgehop over a max-margin framework using hedge cues
CoNLL '10: Shared Task Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
Memory-based resolution of in-sentence scopes of hedge cues
CoNLL '10: Shared Task Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning --- Shared Task
A unified framework for scope learning via simplified shallow semantic parsing
EMNLP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Syntactic scope resolution in uncertainty analysis
COLING '10 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics
Automatic committed belief tagging
COLING '10 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics: Posters
Semantic representation of negation using focus detection
HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1
*SEM 2012 shared task: resolving the scope and focus of negation
SemEval '12 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics - Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation
A three-way perspective on scientific discourse annotation for knowledge extraction
ACL '12 Proceedings of the Workshop on Detecting Structure in Scholarly Discourse
Disfluencies as extra-propositional indicators of cognitive processing
ExProM '12 Proceedings of the Workshop on Extra-Propositional Aspects of Meaning in Computational Linguistics
ExProM '12 Proceedings of the Workshop on Extra-Propositional Aspects of Meaning in Computational Linguistics
Improving speculative language detection using linguistic knowledge
ExProM '12 Proceedings of the Workshop on Extra-Propositional Aspects of Meaning in Computational Linguistics
Collaboratively built semi-structured content and Artificial Intelligence: The story so far
Artificial Intelligence
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Traditionally, most research in NLP has focused on propositional aspects of meaning. To truly understand language, however, extra-propositional aspects are equally important. Modality and negation typically contribute significantly to these extra-propositional meaning aspects. Although modality and negation have often been neglected by mainstream computational linguistics, interest has grown in recent years, as evidenced by several annotation projects dedicated to these phenomena. Researchers have started to work on modeling factuality, belief and certainty, detecting speculative sentences and hedging, identifying contradictions, and determining the scope of expressions of modality and negation. In this article, we will provide an overview of how modality and negation have been modeled in computational linguistics.