Reasoning in description logics
Principles of knowledge representation
Sesame: A Generic Architecture for Storing and Querying RDF and RDF Schema
ISWC '02 Proceedings of the First International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web
IJCAR '01 Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Automated Reasoning
Jena: implementing the semantic web recommendations
Proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers & posters
The Description Logic Handbook
The Description Logic Handbook
Pellet: A practical OWL-DL reasoner
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
ESWC '07 Proceedings of the 4th European conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications
Optimized Reasoning in Description Logics Using Hypertableaux
CADE-21 Proceedings of the 21st international conference on Automated Deduction: Automated Deduction
What Is Approximate Reasoning?
RR '08 Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Web Reasoning and Rule Systems
ELP: Tractable Rules for OWL 2
ISWC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on The Semantic Web
Formal Properties of Modularisation
Modular Ontologies
Who the Heck Is the Father of Bob?
ESWC 2009 Heraklion Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Modular Ontologies: Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge Modularization
Modular Ontologies: Concepts, Theories and Techniques for Knowledge Modularization
Modular reuse of ontologies: theory and practice
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Completing description logic knowledge bases using formal concept analysis
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
Consequence-driven reasoning for horn SHIQ ontologies
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
LUBM: A benchmark for OWL knowledge base systems
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Module extraction and incremental classification: a pragmatic approach for ƐL+ ontologies
ESWC'08 Proceedings of the 5th European semantic web conference on The semantic web: research and applications
JustBench: a framework for OWL benchmarking
ISWC'10 Proceedings of the 9th international semantic web conference on The semantic web - Volume Part I
Justification oriented proofs in OWL
ISWC'10 Proceedings of the 9th international semantic web conference on The semantic web - Volume Part I
Semantic web reasoners and languages
Artificial Intelligence Review
Towards a complete OWL ontology benchmark
ESWC'06 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on The Semantic Web: research and applications
OWLIM – a pragmatic semantic repository for OWL
WISE'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Web Information Systems Engineering
Framework for an automated comparison of description logic reasoners
ISWC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on The Semantic Web
CEL: a polynomial-time reasoner for life science ontologies
IJCAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international joint conference on Automated Reasoning
FaCT++ description logic reasoner: system description
IJCAR'06 Proceedings of the Third international joint conference on Automated Reasoning
TrOWL: tractable OWL 2 reasoning infrastructure
ESWC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications - Volume Part II
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Towards the automated calculation of clinical quality indicators
KR4HC'11 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Knowledge Representation for Health-Care
Semantic Web
Predicting reasoning performance using ontology metrics
ISWC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on The Semantic Web - Volume Part I
Very large scale OWL reasoning through distributed computation
ISWC'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on The Semantic Web - Volume Part II
Data complexity of query answering in description logics
Artificial Intelligence
Scope of ontological annotation in e-commerce
International Journal of Business Information Systems
A method based on OWL schema for detecting changes between Ontology's versions
Intelligent Decision Technologies - Various forms of intelligence
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This paper provides a survey to and a comparison of state-of-the-art Semantic Web reasoners that succeed in classifying large ontologies expressed in the tractable OWL 2 EL profile. Reasoners are characterized along several dimensions: The first dimension comprises underlying reasoning characteristics, such as the employed reasoning method and its correctness as well as the expressivity and worst-case computational complexity of its supported language and whether the reasoner supports incremental classification, rules, justifications for inconsistent concepts and ABox reasoning tasks. The second dimension is practical usability: whether the reasoner implements the OWL API and can be used via OWLlink, whether it is available as Protégé plugin, on which platforms it runs, whether its source is open or closed and which license it comes with. The last dimension contains performance indicators that can be evaluated empirically, such as classification, concept satisfiability, subsumption checking and consistency checking performance as well as required heap space and practical correctness, which is determined by comparing the computed concept hierarchies with each other. For the very large ontology SNOMED CT, which is released both in stated and inferred form, we test whether the computed concept hierarchies are correct by comparing them to the inferred form of the official distribution. The reasoners are categorized along the defined characteristics and benchmarked against well-known biomedical ontologies. The main conclusion from this study is that reasoners vary significantly with regard to all included characteristics, and therefore a critical assessment and evaluation of requirements is needed before selecting a reasoner for a real-life application.