Arthur-Merlin games: a randomized proof system, and a hierarchy of complexity class
Journal of Computer and System Sciences - 17th Annual ACM Symposium in the Theory of Computing, May 6-8, 1985
The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems
SIAM Journal on Computing
On the power of two-point based sampling
Journal of Complexity
Witness indistinguishable and witness hiding protocols
STOC '90 Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
On the Composition of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems
SIAM Journal on Computing
P = BPP if E requires exponential circuits: derandomizing the XOR lemma
STOC '97 Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
SIAM Journal on Computing
A Pseudorandom Generator from any One-way Function
SIAM Journal on Computing
Resettable zero-knowledge (extended abstract)
STOC '00 Proceedings of the thirty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Concurrent and resettable zero-knowledge in poly-loalgorithm rounds
STOC '01 Proceedings of the thirty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Black-box concurrent zero-knowledge requires \tilde {Ω} (logn) rounds
STOC '01 Proceedings of the thirty-third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Concurrent zero-knowledge with timing, revisited
STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Strict polynomial-time in simulation and extraction
STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
Foundations of Cryptography: Basic Tools
Concurrent Zero Knowledge with Logarithmic Round-Complexity
FOCS '02 Proceedings of the 43rd Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
A Note on the Round-Complexity of Concurrent Zero-Knowledge
CRYPTO '00 Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
On Defining Proofs of Knowledge
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Bounded-concurrent secure two-party computation without setup assumptions
Proceedings of the thirty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Does Parallel Repetition Lower the Error in Computationally Sound Protocols?
FOCS '97 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Lower Bounds for Zero Knowledge on the Internet
FOCS '98 Proceedings of the 39th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Universal Arguments and their Applications
CCC '02 Proceedings of the 17th IEEE Annual Conference on Computational Complexity
Resettably-Sound Zero-Knowledge and its Applications
FOCS '01 Proceedings of the 42nd IEEE symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
How to Go Beyond the Black-Box Simulation Barrier
FOCS '01 Proceedings of the 42nd IEEE symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Parallel repetition: simplifications and the no-signaling case
Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
An efficient parallel repetition theorem for Arthur-Merlin games
Proceedings of the thirty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Multiple non-interactive zero knowledge proofs based on a single random string
SFCS '90 Proceedings of the 31st Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
On the (Im)Possibility of Arthur-Merlin Witness Hiding Protocols
TCC '09 Proceedings of the 6th Theory of Cryptography Conference on Theory of Cryptography
On the concurrent composition of zero-knowledge proofs
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Efficient concurrent zero-knowledge in the auxiliary string model
EUROCRYPT'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Chernoff-type direct product theorems
CRYPTO'07 Proceedings of the 27th annual international cryptology conference on Advances in cryptology
Which languages have 4-round zero-knowledge proofs?
TCC'08 Proceedings of the 5th conference on Theory of cryptography
An efficient parallel repetition theorem
TCC'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Theory of Cryptography
Non-black-box simulation in the fully concurrent setting
Proceedings of the forty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Non-black-box simulation from one-way functions and applications to resettable security
Proceedings of the forty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
We show that only languages in BPP have public-coin black-box zero-knowledge protocols that are secure under an unbounded (polynomial) number of parallel repetitions. This result holds both in the plain model (without any setup) and in the bare public key model (where the prover and the verifier have registered public keys). We complement this result by constructing a public-coin black-box zero-knowledge proof based on one-way functions that remains secure under any a priori bounded number of concurrent executions. A key step (of independent interest) in the analysis of our lower bound shows that any public-coin protocol, when repeated sufficiently in parallel, satisfies a notion of “resettable soundness” if the verifier picks its random coins using a pseudorandom function.