Model checking
Refinement Calculus: A Systematic Introduction
Refinement Calculus: A Systematic Introduction
A case study on applying formal methods to medical devices: computer-aided resuscitation algorithm
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata
The Heart Pacemaker by Cellular Automata on Complex Networks
ACRI '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Cellular Automata for Reseach and Industry
Real-Time Heart Model for Implantable Cardiac Device Validation and Verification
ECRTS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 22nd Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems
Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering
Modeling in Event-B: System and Software Engineering
Trustable formal specification for software certification
ISoLA'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Leveraging applications of formal methods, verification, and validation - Volume Part II
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Tools and techniques based on formal methods have been recognized as a promising approach to supporting the process of verification and validation of critical systems in the early stages of their development. In particular, medical devices are very prone to showing unexpected system behaviour in operation because of the stochastic nature of the systems and when traditional methods are used for system testing. Device-related problems have been responsible for a large number of serious injuries. Officials of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have found that many deaths and injuries related to these devices are caused by flaws in product design and engineering. Cardiac pacemakers and implantable cardioverter---defibrillators (ICDs) are the most critical of these medical devices, requiring closed-loop modelling (integrated system and environment modelling) for verification purposes before obtaining a certificate from the certification bodies. No technique is available to provide environment modelling for verifying the developed system models. This paper presents a methodology for modelling a biological system, such as the heart, to enable modelling in a biological environment. The heart model is based mainly on electrocardiography analysis, which models the heart system at the cellular level. The main objective of this methodology is to model the heart system and integrate it with a model of a medical device such as a cardiac pacemaker to specify a closed-loop model. To build an environment model for a closed-loop system is currently an open problem. The industry has long sought such an approach to validating a system model in a virtual biological environment. Our approach involves a pragmatic combination of formal specifications of the system and the biological environment to model a closed-loop system that enables verification of the correctness of the system and helps to improve the quality of the system.