A general model of wireless interference
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A scalable, commodity data center network architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
VL2: a scalable and flexible data center network
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
BCube: a high performance, server-centric network architecture for modular data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
DIRC: increasing indoor wireless capacity using directional antennas
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2009 conference on Data communication
The nature of data center traffic: measurements & analysis
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Understanding data center traffic characteristics
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Reflection coefficient measurement for house flooring materials at 57-64 GHz
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Symbiotic routing in future data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
c-Through: part-time optics in data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Helios: a hybrid electrical/optical switch architecture for modular data centers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Cone of silence: adaptively nulling interferers in wireless networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
Hedera: dynamic flow scheduling for data center networks
NSDI'10 Proceedings of the 7th USENIX conference on Networked systems design and implementation
Proteus: a topology malleable data center network
Hotnets-IX Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Network traffic characteristics of data centers in the wild
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
60GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN: From Theory to Practice
60GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and WPAN: From Theory to Practice
Augmenting data center networks with multi-gigabit wireless links
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
Better never than late: meeting deadlines in datacenter networks
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
The Case for Evaluating MapReduce Performance Using Workload Suites
MASCOTS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
3D beamforming for wireless data centers
Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks
Communication Requirements and Interconnect Optimization for High-End Scientific Applications
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
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Modern data centers are massive, and support a range of distributed applications across potentially hundreds of server racks. As their utilization and bandwidth needs continue to grow, traditional methods of augmenting bandwidth have proven complex and costly in time and resources. Recent measurements show that data center traffic is often limited by congestion loss caused by short traffic bursts. Thus an attractive alternative to adding physical bandwidth is to augment wired links with wireless links in the 60 GHz band. We address two limitations with current 60 GHz wireless proposals. First, 60 GHz wireless links are limited by line-of-sight, and can be blocked by even small obstacles. Second, even beamforming links leak power, and potential interference will severely limit concurrent transmissions in dense data centers. We propose and evaluate a new wireless primitive for data centers, 3D beamforming, where 60 GHz signals bounce off data center ceilings, thus establishing indirect line-of-sight between any two racks in a data center. We build a small 3D beamforming testbed to demonstrate its ability to address both link blockage and link interference, thus improving link range and number of concurrent transmissions in the data center. In addition, we propose a simple link scheduler and use traffic simulations to show that these 3D links significantly expand wireless capacity compared to their 2D counterparts.