The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
Model checking
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Mathematica Book
PNPM '01 Proceedings of the 9th international Workshop on Petri Nets and Performance Models (PNPM'01)
An approach to formal verification of human–computer interaction
Formal Aspects of Computing
Interaction walkthrough: evaluation of safety critical interactive systems
DSVIS'06 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Interactive systems: Design, specification, and verification
Number entry interfaces and their effects on error detection
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part IV
A taxonomy of number entry error
BCS-HCI '11 Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Using differential formal analysis for dependable number entry
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Using Checksums to Detect Number Entry Error
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Differential formal analysis is a new user interface analytic evaluation method based on stochastic user simulation. The method is particularly valuable for evaluating safety critical user interfaces, which often have subtle programming issues. The approach starts with the identification of operational design features that define the design space to be explored. Two or more analysts are required to analyse all combinations of design features by simulating keystroke sequences containing keying slip errors. Each simulation produces numerical values that rank the design combinations on the basis of their sensitivity to keying slip errors. A systematic discussion of the simulation results is performed for assessing the causes of any discrepancy, either in numerical values or rankings. The process is iterated until outcomes are agreed upon. In short, the approach combines rigorous simulation of user slip errors with diversity in modelling and analysis methods. Although the method can be applied to other types of user interface, it is demonstrated through a case study of 5-key number entry systems, which are a common safety critical user interface style found in many medical infusion pumps and elsewhere. The results uncover critical design issues, and are an important contribution of this paper since the results provide device manufacturers guidelines to update their device firmware to make their devices safer.