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Drishti: An Integrated Indoor/Outdoor Blind Navigation System and Service
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MDM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Tenth International Conference on Mobile Data Management: Systems, Services and Middleware
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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
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Most of the existing indoor navigation systems for the blind do not take into account their specific needs related to orientation and movement in an unfamiliar buildings. This paper presents an indoor blind navigation system called RSNAVI that has the following strengths: First, the system uses 4D modelling of buildings - 3D building and objects geometry and status of all sensors in time. To improve the navigation process we use semantic-rich interior model to describe not only the position and shape of all objects but also their characteristics. Second, the algorithm for route planning uses multi-parametric optimization to obtain the optimal route for the blind users. The system allows automatic re-routing when the blind user deviated from the route or if it detects a change of status of the sensors, for example blocking access to the room due to fire alarm. Finally, only algebraic expressions to calculate optimal route waypoints and to detour obstacles are used.