HMM Based On-Line Handwriting Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multimodal Human Emotion/Expression Recognition
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
Speech and Language Processing (2nd Edition)
Speech and Language Processing (2nd Edition)
A Survey of Affect Recognition Methods: Audio, Visual, and Spontaneous Expressions
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Audio-Visual Classification and Fusion of Spontaneous Affective Data in Likelihood Space
ICPR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition
LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines
ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology (TIST)
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
Human expression recognition from motion using a radial basis function network architecture
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Computer Speech and Language
AVEC 2012: the continuous audio/visual emotion challenge - an introduction
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
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Human emotion is an important part of human-human communication, since the emotional state of an individual often affects the way that he/she reacts to others. In this paper, we present a method based on concatenated Hidden Markov Model (co-HMM) to infer the dimensional and continuous emotion labels from audio-visual cues. Our method is based on the assumption that continuous emotion levels can be modeled by a set of discrete values. Based on this, we represent each emotional dimension by step-wise label classes, and learn the intrinsic and extrinsic dynamics using our co-HMM model. We evaluate our approach on the Audio-Visual Emotion Challenge (AVEC 2012) dataset. Our results show considerable improvement over the baseline regression model presented with the AVEC 2012.