Information-seeking strategies of novices using a full-text electronic encyclopedia
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
The cost structure of sensemaking
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Medical students' personal knowledge, searching proficiency, and database use in problem solving
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
A task-oriented approach to information retrieval evaluation
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue: evaluation of information retrieval systems
Children's Internet searching on complex problems: performance and process analyses
Journal of the American Society for Information Science - Special issue on user-centered cooperative systems
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Conceptual framework for tasks in information studies: Book Reviews
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
The Turn: Integration of Information Seeking and Retrieval in Context (The Information Retrieval Series)
Exploratory search: from finding to understanding
Communications of the ACM - Supporting exploratory search
Task difficulty as a predictor and indicator of web searching interaction
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effects of structure and interaction style on distinct search tasks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Users can change their web search tactics: Design guidelines for categorized overviews
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
An evaluation of adaptive filtering in the context of realistic task-based information exploration
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Task Effects on Interactive Search: The Query Factor
Focused Access to XML Documents
A faceted approach to conceptualizing tasks in information seeking
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Exploring the relationships between work task and search task in information search
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Exploratory Search
Describing and predicting information-seeking behavior on the Web
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Understanding help seeking within the context of searching digital libraries
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Effects of domain knowledge on reference search with the PubMed database: An experimental study
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Using the taxonomy of cognitive learning to model online searching
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
FAC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
The emotional impact of search tasks
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
When is system support effective?
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Using a concept map to evaluate exploratory search
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Exploring the impact of search interface features on search tasks
ECDL'10 Proceedings of the 14th European conference on Research and advanced technology for digital libraries
Building Support for Web Information Gathering Tasks
HICSS '12 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Proceedings of the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium
Exploring exploratory search: a user study with linked semantic data
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Intelligent Exploration of Semantic Data
Assisting user browsing over linked data: requirements elicitation with a user study
ICWE'13 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Web Engineering
Why Do Users Perceive Search Tasks As Difficult? Exploring Difficulty in Different Task Types
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval
Exploratory search with semantic transformations using collaborative knowledge bases
Proceedings of the 7th ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
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The goal of this paper is to provide guidance to researchers investigating exploratory search behaviors and exploratory search systems. It focuses on the design of search tasks assigned in such studies. Based on a review of past studies, a set of task characteristics associated with exploratory search tasks are identified: exploratory search tasks focus on learning and investigative search goals; they are general (rather than specific), open-ended, and often target multiple items/documents; they involve uncertainty and are motivated by ill-defined or ill-structured problems; they are dynamic and evolve over time; they are multi-faceted and may be procedurally complex; and they are often accompanied by other information or cognitive behaviors, such as sensemaking. Recommendations are provided for the design of search task descriptions that will elicit exploratory search behaviors.