Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Negotiation-based protocols for disseminating information in wireless sensor networks
Wireless Networks - Selected Papers from Mobicom'99
TEEN: ARouting Protocol for Enhanced Efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
A Performance Comparison of Energy Consumption for Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols
MASCOTS '00 Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
Energy-Aware Routing in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks
MASCOTS '02 Proceedings of the 10th IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunications Systems
HEED: A Hybrid, Energy-Efficient, Distributed Clustering Approach for Ad Hoc Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Latency-sensitive power control for wireless ad-hoc networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Quality of service & security in wireless and mobile networks
An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
IEEE Communications Magazine
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Reducing power consumption to extend network lifetime with limited energy resource is one of the most important challenges in wireless sensor networks. In addition, the issue of real-time communication is also very important in some practical applications. A directed diffusion algorithm based on link-stabilizing clustering (DDLSC), which is a delay-energy aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks is proposed in this paper. DDLSC enable a wide range of tradeoffs between delay and energy consumption. The two major components of DDLSC are: a novel stable clustering scheme that forms a wireless sensor network into two layers and the cluster heads construct a virtual backbone for multi-hop communications, and a directed diffusion routing protocol based on the clustering scheme. It is simple, fast to converge, fully distributed and dynamic, and be scalable to the change in network size, density and topology. The performance of DDLSC remains very good even in largescale sensor networks, and it scales with density. Through analysis and simulation evaluations, we show that DDLSC improves the packet delay and system energy consumption compared to other current data-centric routing protocols.