Shape and motion from image streams under orthography: a factorization method
International Journal of Computer Vision
The quickhull algorithm for convex hulls
ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS)
SFS Based View Synthesis for Robust Face Recognition
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Face recognition from one example view
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Probabilistic recognition of human faces from video
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
A Direct Method for 3D Factorization of Nonrigid Motion Observed in 2D
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Performance of Geometrix ActiveID^TM 3D Face Recognition Engine on the FRGC Data
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Preliminary Face Recognition Grand Challenge Results
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Accurate Head Pose Tracking in Low Resolution Video
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Local Linear Regression (LLR) for Pose Invariant Face Recognition
FGR '06 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Video-based face recognition using probabilistic appearance manifolds
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
The CMU face in action (FIA) database
AMFG'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Analysis and Modelling of Faces and Gestures
Face recognition using wireframe model across facial expressions
BioID_MultiComm'09 Proceedings of the 2009 joint COST 2101 and 2102 international conference on Biometric ID management and multimodal communication
An evaluation of video-to-video face verification
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Video based face recognition using graph matching
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part III
Video-to-video face authentication system robust to pose variations
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Nearest neighbor weighted average customization for modeling faces
Machine Vision and Applications
A new framework for 3D face reconstruction for self-occluded images
International Journal of Computational Vision and Robotics
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Face recognition in video has gained wide attention due to its role in designing surveillance systems. One of the main advantages of video over still frames is that evidence accumulation over multiple frames can provide better face recognition performance. However, surveillance videos are generally of low resolution containing faces mostly in non-frontal poses. Consequently, face recognition in video poses serious challenges to state-of-the-art face recognition systems. Use of 3D face models has been suggested as a way to compensate for low resolution, poor contrast and non-frontal pose. We propose to overcome the pose problem by automatically (i) reconstructing a 3D face model from multiple non-frontal frames in a video, (ii) generating a frontal view from the derived 3D model, and (iii) using a commercial 2D face recognition engine to recognize the synthesized frontal view. A factorization-based structure from motion algorithm is used for 3D face reconstruction. The proposed scheme has been tested on CMU's Face In Action (FIA) video database with 221 subjects. Experimental results show a 40% improvement in matching performance as a result of using the 3D models.